Exploration for oil and gas requires intense scientific investigation to identify accumulations and de-risk exploration and production. New tools are required for the investigation of petroleum system elements in the era of ultra-deep wells, unconventional oil and gas, subsalt exploration, and frontier exploration in extreme environments. Bruker’s tools for reservoir characterization and chemostratigraphy include the ability to visualize and characterize the composition of rocks at scales from the basin to the pore.
ChemostraTigraphy是使用沉积演替的化学成分中的变化:
understand correlative relationships at the basin or field scale
识别古生态重建中使用的元素代理
帮助建设序列地层框架
identify physical properties of rocks for drilling and compilations
Bruker为核心和切割的元素和化学分析提供了工具,以使Chemostraphy容易和可扩展。点击下方了解更多有关将ChemostraTigraph对任何大小项目应用的更多信息。
Elemental Analysis is an important tool for the field and petroleum geologist to characterize and identify petroleum- or gas-bearing formations. Drill cuttings, mud, or cores can be analyzed by X-ray Fluorescence (XRF).
这benchtopS2彪马2系列通过使用能量分散XRF(EDXRF)在移动实验室中的制备钻头切割的低检测限制。
实验室中的专业和痕迹分析最好是由地板站执行S8 TIGER2系列波长分散XRF(WDXRF)光谱仪使用Geo-Quant封装或自定义校准。
这CTX是一个紧凑的便携式台面XRF,适用于钻机运营,带电池备用,按钮操作,泄漏耐用的铝合金外壳,以及安全互锁的盖子。现在可提供泥质矩阵匹配的校准,多功能地理爆发校准或自定义校准。
这跟踪器5G.是核心,露头或扦插的理想便携式XRF。使用氦气冲洗和石墨烯窗口,它在手持设备中具有最好的光源性能。当与混浊校准或自定义矩阵匹配的形成特定校准配对时,它是石油和天然气中最可靠的便携式XRF。
Additional information on the mineralogical composition of the sediment or formation is offered by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). XRD distinguishes minerals that have the same or similar chemistry by their crystal structures. It not only allows the identification of minerals withdiffrac.eva.,还提供了使用RIETVELD方法提供的无标准量化。甚至可以使用该方法量化均匀的非结晶相。它使得能够针对潜在的储层和主机形成。主要优点是相当简单且快速的样品制备。钻头切割的分析可以在使用Bruker的Benchtop中的移动实验室完成D2 PHASER。在实验室设置中D8 ENDEAVOR或者D8推进是最佳选择。
储层表征模型包含与碳氢化合物的储存和生产相关的岩石特性。Bruker的创新岩石特征工具可以提供沉积岩石中的新型信息:
Visual geochemistry of sedimentary rocks, including visualizations of elemental and molecular distributions
从微米到纳米的鳞片上的矿物质的地图,包括将方法转换为3D数据的方法将2D数据转换为3D数据
Visualization and characterization of pores and permeability in two and three dimensions including nanodarcy pores in shale and complex pore networks in sandstones
以下是用于储层特征的方法的摘要。伸手去布鲁克的石油和天然气专家,讨论任何分析需求和最佳解决方案。
Understanding porosity and permeability is important for oil and gas reservoir characterization, sedimentology, hydrogeology and groundwater studies. XRM enables characterization and visualization of pores, pore size distribution, and of open versus closed pore networks. This information can have profound implications on oil and gas production models, gas or water flooding, analog studies, contaminate flow modeling, deformation experiments and sedimentary petrology.
这analysis of shale reactivity typically involves a variety of analytical techniques, including but not limited to X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, gamma logging, optical microscopy, electron microscopy, total organic content, and cation exchange capacity. From a mineralogical perspective, XRD is widely considered to be the favored technique, particularly for discrimination between elementally similar phases.
For example, hematite (Fe2O3) and siderite (FeCO3) give similar elemental signatures but distinct diffraction patterns. Diffraction data are often obtained for both vertical and horizontal segments of wellbores. Analysis of the vertical section allows for the identification of zones with desirable physical properties. In horizontal segments of unconventional reservoirs, XRD is primarily used in geosteering, to ensure that the wellbore stays within a specific geological bed.
Method | Characterization Targets | Sample Preparation |
---|---|---|
Benchtop micro-XRF | 用主要和微量元素映射纹理,构图和沉积结构,下降至18μm | Slightly rough to flat surfaces, standard thin sections, billets, core plugs, core slabs, cuttings scatter mounts. |
XRM / X-ray Microscope | Three-dimensional mapping of structures and porosity | 核心插头,岩石碎片 |
拉曼显微镜 | Molecular structures with Raman scattering phenomenon for organic matter analysis, thermal maturity, and fluid inclusion analysis. | 标准薄部分,切割,芯塞。 |
FTIR显微镜 | C-H-O官能团,包括有机质分析,矿物质鉴定和烃分析 | Polished and smooth surfaces, thin sections, core, cuttings |
EDS on Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) | 详细表征主要和一些微量元素的毛孔和纹理微分分析 | 抛光和涂层薄部分或SEM安装。Vacuum required. |
Automated Mineralogy | Combines BSE and EDS for high-speed large-area mineral maps to characterize texture, porosity, mineral associations, calculated physical properties (young’s modulus), and generate targeting for LA-ICP-MS of zircons | 抛光和涂层薄部分或SEM安装。Vacuum required. |
扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的Micro-XRF | Improve trace-element performance in a scanning electron microscope with a 100 µm X-ray spot, particularly important for environmental proxies such as U and Mo. | 抛光和涂层薄部分或SEM安装。Vacuum required. |
EDS on Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) | Major elements and some trace elements with the best resolution. | Specialized TEM lamina sample preparation. |
Nano-indentation | Benchtop或SEM安装的硬度测试用于计算杨氏模量和其他物理参数 | 抛光和涂层薄部分或SEM安装。有时需要真空。 |
Atomic Force Microscopy | An emerging tool for surface characterization at near-atomic scales may be used for identification and characterization of solid organic matter | 抛光薄截面或安装,不需要真空 |
EBSD / TKD. | 详细的矿物地图和晶体取向研究。 | Highly polished thin section and electron transparent samples |
X射线衍射 |
Crystallographic phase identification and quantification | 地面粉末和平坦表面 |