聚合物和塑料制造

TD-NMR技术已被证明是替代常规方法并减少劳动时间的可靠且可行的替代方法。聚合物字段中的关键QC/QA应用程序包括：

• 二甲苯可溶性和乙烯含量
• PE中的密度和结晶度
• PS和ABS中的油和橡胶含量

The advantages of TD-NMR analysis compared to classical methods are speed and accuracy of analysis. Samples can be either liquid, powder, pellet, film or plate, and the measurement takes only a few seconds. TD-NMR analysis can even be performed in-situ for a wide temperature range, from -100 °C to +200 °C, which is essential for polymer analysis.

Further TD-NMR Applications: Determination of cross-link density in elastomers; plasticizers, additives, and monomer fractions in polymers; Solid content in emulsions and Latex; Soft coatings on polymers; Oil and water content; Fluorine content in polymers; Copolymers and degree of polymerization; Ageing and irradiation induced effects.

石油化学公司在NMR领养的早期阶段就处于领先地位，已成为它已成为关键的许多行业。但是，这些公司现在经常分支到聚合物中，这是NMR发现广泛应用的巨大领域。
随着主要的聚合物制造商使用NMR进行材料分析，这为研究和开发全新聚合物的开发奠定了道路。bob综合游戏

红外光谱法（IR）用于鉴定和表征聚合物。它提供有关聚合物本身，填充剂，添加剂，混合物和结晶度的信息。

In addition, IR spectroscopy is established for quality control of industrially produced polymers and raw materials. Examples are the differentiation between HD-PE and LD-PE or the deformulation of a copolymer or blend into its individual components.

• Time for analysis is less than 1 min
• 定性和定量评估
  
• 即使未经训练的人员也很容易适用
  

Mass spectrometryoffers a unique depth of characterization for many diverse polymer classes关于传入的商品或合成QC。This includesbulk material screens, pharmaceutical development, or finished surface analyses.

MALDI-TOF MS提供最重要的确定聚合物的特征值，包括绝对average molecular weights (M_n and M_w), dispersity Đ, degree of polymerization, and the mass of the combined end groups, may also be automatically calculatedin afast and versatile workflow.

Even similar polymeric componentsin one samplemay be easily distinguished by help ofkendr。

A surface-layer matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging technique (SL-MALDI-MSI) can be used to study the chemical composition of polymer surfaces with multicomponents.

与聚合物组件的合成材料表面在几种工业和医学过程中很重要。bob娱乐平台这些都是印刷，涂料和生物医学设备应用以及其他应用。化学成分的一致性在这些过程中至关重要。材料的质量很容易破坏，这些材料的质量可以带来表面缺陷，例如磨损，降解，对其他材料的污染等等。bob综合游戏

为了研究这些材料表面MALDI矩阵和阳离子盐被应用于材料上以进行分析。可以测量具有大约几个nm的深度分辨率的表面特异性分析。例如，可以分析聚苯乙烯（PS）和聚（甲基甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）薄膜的表面缺陷，可以分析由污染，掩盖，刮擦/磨损和溶剂化引起的薄膜。

Near infrared spectroscopyis used for the quantification of quality relevant parameters in polymers like OH-number, acid or amine value to name a few. As innovative analytical methods are of great economic interest, NIR is becoming more and more established for the monitoring of polymer production processes. Many companies start to replace conventional at-line analysis methods by spectroscopic online tools.

An increased speed of analytical processes and decreased maintenance costs offer a high savings potential. The great amount of information delivered by the NIR spectra allow a simultaneous high-precision analysis of many different components and system parameters such as density, viscosity, degree of cross-linking, stabilizer as well as monomer content and many others.

• 实时评估该过程的分子基础。
• Fiber-coupled probe heads measure straight into the area of interest

Photo-curable聚合物S广泛用于汽车，消费电子，印刷，以及涂料行业，因为它们具有多功能性能。可再生的最重要特征聚合物S是治愈的速度和最终产品中的转换程度。

Time-resolved FTIR spectroscopy is an excellent测量这些参数的分析工具。转换程度和速度of cure can be measured within a few使用快速扫描的秒spectrometer。转换动力学很容易根据乐队强度与光线下的时间exposure.

某些组件的成本削减或不可用能够lead to changes在供应链中没有注意到客户直到下游product fails.A simple quality control of incoming goods using a well-established TLC chromatography might not总是show the full picture: Spots能够重叠，因此，能够not be distinguished bysimple staining即使使用了2D-TLC。TLCMALDI-TOF质谱法为分析提供了一个额外的维度，可以清楚地分离出存在的所有组件1-D-或2-D-TLC板。

聚合物和塑料材料的失败通常是由聚合物材料内使用的成分的不均匀分布引起的bob综合游戏。此外，粒子，纤维或夹杂物等污染物可能是其失败的原因。

由于这些缺陷通常非常小，因此很难或甚至不可能通过宏观测量进行分析。FT-IR显微镜是实现故障分析的强大工具：它允许以高侧分辨率在样品上的任何地方获得IR-Spectra，从而揭示了该特定样品区域的化学组成。

• 构图错误
• 夹杂物和污染
• 开花和条纹
  

聚合物是由重复亚基的长链组成的大分子。聚合物的组成，结构和形式确定其特性，因此这些参数的正确表征至关重要。聚合物通常合成为纤维，板和其他固体形式。这些类型的聚合物的特性受其结晶度，晶体结构和质地的强烈影响，可以使用X射线衍射（XRD）和小角度X射线散射（SAXS）研究。由于这些类型的聚合物通常具有较大的D间距，低X射线吸收和一些优选方向（纹理），因此使用2D检测器的传输散射是表征这些样品的理想方法。

Polymers are used to create items of all shapes, sizes and intended uses. From the milk jugs to cell phone components created with methods ranging from injection molding to 3D printing, polymers continue to shape the world around us. Ensuring that these components fulfill their intended roles requires access to cutting edge techniques like X-ray Microscopy. XRM allows non-destructive three dimensional imaging of both the interior and exterior structure of polymer components. Whether the task is ensuring the internal/ external part dimensions, checking for voids, or analyzing the mode of failure, XRM plays an essential role in polymer engineering.