The formation of the correct crystal phase inside the photo active layer is key to the conversion efficiency of thin-film solar cells. X-ray diffraction is a very powerful non-destructive analysis technique for phase identification and quantification in polycrystalline films and powders.
D8 DISCOVERandD8 ADVANCE力量的实验室diffractio吗n solutions that combine highest powder diffraction performance with ease-of-use. They are perfectly suited to control the quality of thin-film solar cells in research, process development and production control.
Solar cells have a complex structure with multiple layers of different materials, sometimes as thin as few nanometers. Bruker's high performance EDS detectorXFlash® FlatQUADwith its unique sample-detector geometry enables elemental analysis of bulk and e-transparent multilayer samples. High signal collection rate and high EDS spatial resolution can be achieved with SEM using XFlash FlatQUAD.
Numerous semiconductor devices such as solar cells are nowadays made up of multiple layers. To investigate such layered systems in the final product, Bruker'smicro-XRFsolution allows to simultaneously measure the layers thickness and their compositions.