X射线散装矿物学

X射线衍射直接探测晶体结构，这是一种3维的排列，该排列说明原子如何几何互相结合。这种布置决定了材料的化学和物理特性，因此直接影响了材料的价值和技术用途。一个简单的例子，晶体结构是使例如化学元素碳作为矿物钻石或矿物石墨之间的差异的原因。虽然一个是一个非常硬的绝缘子，它可以很好地散射光，而另一个则是黑暗，柔软，良好的电导体。

心肌梗死nerals are natural resources and geo-materials. Industrial minerals are directly used for many applications, as construction materials, to create pigments, paints, cosmetics, as fillers in plastics or paper, as a resource for the chemical industry, to produce food, feed, glassware, pottery, refractories, ceramics and many more.

心肌梗死nerals can be fuels themselves ore play a major role during the exploration and exploitation of coal or oil and gas resources. Minerals help in understanding slag and ash formation during the combustion of fossil fuels, but they are also important markers in the Oil & Gas upstream and downstream segments.

心肌梗死nerals form rocks, which may host ores – our natural source of metals like Iron, Copper, Gold, Silver, Platinum, Nickel and many others. Knowing the minerals assay is key to understand the host rock properties like hardness but also how to extract the metal from the surrounding rock. It tells how many explosives are needed for blasting in the mine, what mill to use for comminution of the rock, what consumables, how much energy. It tells about solubility of the ore, what chemicals to use and how many. It also tells about waste rock and deleterious minerals that may disturb the process of metal extraction or even render it uneconomic. Where mineralogy shines and pays back quickly is the processing side of metals mining.

总的来说，矿物学知识为地球材料加工链的所有步骤增加了价值。bob综合游戏XRD无处不在：探索，矿山计划和操作，处理，质量控制和废物产品评估。

X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is the most direct and efficient way to quantitatively examine minerals. XRD applies to any solid crystalline or amorphous material with only little sample preparation needed. The complete quantitative X-ray mineralogy is obtained from simultaneous measurement of all minerals present in the specimen. Using proprietary BrukerLynxeye探测器technology this only takes a few minutes.

• A strength of XRD is its sensitivity to fine particle fraction, which is time consuming to analyze with scanning techniques.
• XRD样品制备快速，简单，可以完全自动化。它不需要真空或固化和抛光环氧块。大约10微米粒径的细粉是XRD的理想选择。
• Only XRD can distinguish polymorphs (e.g. TiO₂以金红石或剖析酶的形式）和多型（例如，灰木植物1m或2m1）。
• XRD提供了包括碳酸盐，氢氧化物和矿石的总矿物学。挥发性组件，例如CO₂, H₂O, and OH do not get lost in preparation. The loss on ignition, LOI, that is typical to other techniques makes the back-calulation of the total mineralogy from chemical analysis difficult to impossible.

While XRD has some unique properties, it is complementary with other Bruker technologies.

• 元素过滤，以改善物种鉴定和化学分析结果和解（XRF,CGA或者OES）。
• 心肌梗死nerals assays from XRD can be matched with Scanning Electron Microscopy (AMICS)或扫描光谱仪(M4 TORNADO AMICS）。虽然扫描方法可能在查找痕量量方面具有优势，但XRD代表包括罚款和粘液分数在内的批量。
• Near Infrared Spectroscopy (尼尔) is widely used in the minerals industry for analyzing clays and other soft minerals in combination with XRD, which has advantages in looking at the hard rock-forming minerals.

Over 40.000 different mineral species are known to the commonly available databases. The DIFFRAC.EVA software identifies within seconds the different minerals by their unique fingerprint pattern, searching several databases in parallel. XRPD distinguishes between minerals having the same or very similar chemistry. The detection limit is in the sub-% or micro-gram range.

簇analysis in DIFFRAC.EVA is a tool that adds a major benefit to exploration work. Using cluster analysis large data-sets containing thousands of measurements of various types are grouped and the most representative members are identified for further - fully quantitative - inspection. Without needing expert knowledge materials of different origin are easily sorted and outliers detected.

完全定量的矿物学是从基于校准的dquant或标准的TOPA-分析。DQUANT是您使用参考材料以最低检测限制进行定量的工具。bob综合游戏TOPASRIETVELD分析允许基于知名和列表的矿物结构易于定量。