X-ray Bulk Mineralogy

X射线衍射直接探测晶体结构，这是一种3维的排列，该排列说明原子如何几何互相结合。这种布置决定了材料的化学和物理特性，因此直接影响了材料的价值和技术用途。一个简单的例子，晶体结构是使例如化学元素碳作为矿物钻石或矿物石墨之间的差异的原因。虽然一个是一个非常硬的绝缘子，它可以很好地散射光，而另一个则是黑暗，柔软，良好的电导体。

Minerals are natural resources and geo-materials. Industrial minerals are directly used for many applications, as construction materials, to create pigments, paints, cosmetics, as fillers in plastics or paper, as a resource for the chemical industry, to produce food, feed, glassware, pottery, refractories, ceramics and many more.

矿物质可以是燃料本身，在煤炭或石油和天然气资源的勘探和开发中起着重要作用。矿物质有助于理解化石燃料燃烧过程中矿渣和灰分的形成，但它们也是上游和下游细分市场中的重要标记。

Minerals form rocks, which may host ores – our natural source of metals like Iron, Copper, Gold, Silver, Platinum, Nickel and many others. Knowing the minerals assay is key to understand the host rock properties like hardness but also how to extract the metal from the surrounding rock. It tells how many explosives are needed for blasting in the mine, what mill to use for comminution of the rock, what consumables, how much energy. It tells about solubility of the ore, what chemicals to use and how many. It also tells about waste rock and deleterious minerals that may disturb the process of metal extraction or even render it uneconomic. Where mineralogy shines and pays back quickly is the processing side of metals mining.

Altogether, knowledge of mineralogy adds value to all steps of the earth´s materials processing chain. XRD is found everywhere: in exploration, mine planning and operation, processing, quality control and assessment of waste products.

X-ray powder diffraction (XRD）是定量检查矿物质的最直接和有效的方法。XRD适用于任何固体晶体或无定形材料，只需几乎需要样品准备。完整的定量X射线矿物学是从同时测量样品中所有矿物的同时测量。使用专有的布鲁克Lynxeye探测器technology this only takes a few minutes.

• A strength of XRD is its sensitivity to fine particle fraction, which is time consuming to analyze with scanning techniques.
• The XRD sample preparation is quick, simple and can be fully automated. It does not require vacuum or curing and polishing epoxy blocks. A fine powder of about 10 micrometer particle size is ideal for XRD.
• Only XRD can distinguish polymorphs (e.g. TiO₂in the form of rutile or anatase) and polytypes (e.g. Muscovite 1M or 2M1).
• XRD provides the total mineralogy including carbonates, hydroxides and clays in ore. Volatile components such as CO₂, H₂O, and OH do not get lost in preparation. The loss on ignition, LOI, that is typical to other techniques makes the back-calulation of the total mineralogy from chemical analysis difficult to impossible.

尽管XRD具有一些独特的属性，但它与其他Bruker技术互补。

• Element filtering for improved species identification and results reconciliation from chemical analysis (XRF,CGA或者OES）。
• Minerals assays from XRD can be matched with Scanning Electron Microscopy (友善) or scanning XRF (M4龙卷风amic）。虽然扫描方法可能在查找痕量量方面具有优势，但XRD代表包括罚款和粘液分数在内的批量。
• Near Infrared Spectroscopy (尼尔)是widely used in the minerals industry for analyzing clays and other soft minerals in combination with XRD, which has advantages in looking at the hard rock-forming minerals.

常见数据库已知超过40.000种不同的矿物质。diffrac.eva软件通过其唯一的指纹模式在几秒钟内识别不同的矿物质，并并行搜索多个数据库。XRPD区分具有相同或非常相似的化学性质的矿物质。检测限在亚％或微克范围内。

簇analysis in DIFFRAC.EVA is a tool that adds a major benefit to exploration work. Using cluster analysis large data-sets containing thousands of measurements of various types are grouped and the most representative members are identified for further - fully quantitative - inspection. Without needing expert knowledge materials of different origin are easily sorted and outliers detected.

Full quantitative mineralogy is obtained from calibration based DQUANT- or standard-lessTOPA-分析。DQUANT是您使用参考材料以最低检测限制进行定量的工具。bob综合游戏TOPASRIETVELD分析允许基于知名和列表的矿物结构易于定量。