犯罪法医

车辆事故期间留下的油漆碎片是有价值的痕量证据，证明了阳性车辆的识别，尤其是在命中率的情况下。The composition and structure of paints and varnishes makes it possible to identify the car manufacturer and model involved in an accident, providing possible links to suspects.

红外显微镜是一种用于多层样本分析的已建立技术。它允许对油漆样品进行详细表征，从而确定各个层的厚度和组成，从而使明确的表征成为可能。

• 油漆，清漆，涂料
• 可以使用ATR分析最小的颗粒（> 2 µm）
• non-destructive method

在犯罪现场发现的纤维和颗粒可以帮助建立犯罪的图片，提供有关犯罪分子的信息，甚至将个人排除在怀疑之外。在个人或其财产上发现的痕量证据可能会将嫌疑人与犯罪联系起来。

Infared (IR) microscopy allows characterization and positive identification of fine fibers and particles at micrometer scales, even where fibers are superficially similar. Natural and synthetic polymer types may be determined with ease by searching the comprehensive databases instantly gives identifies unknowns, e.g.:

• Natural and synthetic fibers
• Particles and their size distribution
• 纤维上的化学物质或涂料

指纹是个人独有的，使其成为犯罪法证中最重要的物理证据之一​​。指纹证据可能会将个人与犯罪联系起来，或者将他人排除在考虑之外。指纹通常分为塑料印刷品，这些印花被归类为软表面上的压痕；可见的（专利）印刷品，当一个人从手指转移到表面的材料时形成；和无形的（潜在）印刷品，这些印刷品会随着皮肤天然油或汗水转移到表面而留下的。

Latent prints are commonly imaged with the aid of powders or other chemical reagents. However, an alternative approach leverages the power of elemental mapping to characterize the fine detail of a fingerprint that may not be visible using other techniques. In this case, sweat left behind by a person touching a surface contains leaves a residue of different salts that are clearly visible through non-invasive micro-XRF spectrometry. Using a beam size of <20 µm,布鲁克's M4 TORNADOMicro-XRF轻松地映射了该残基中元素的分布，从而揭示了人指纹的精细结构。可以通过选择适当的阳极组成来微调这些分析的敏感性。银X射线源是增强氯灵敏度的理想选择。

可靠，可靠的血液检测对于重建暴力犯罪的动态和确定犯罪本身的性质至关重要。尤其是在怀疑犯规比赛时，其检测可以极大地改变调查过程。

Over the last years Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization (MALDI) Mass Spectrometry Profiling and Imaging (MSP and MSI) have demonstrated to be suitable analytical tools as confirmatory tests for blood stains and blood marks as well as for determining blood provenance. MALDI MSP verifies the results of the currently applied presumptive (and thus unspecific) tests deployed at the scene and MALDI MSI yields vizualisation of blood in fingermarks through mapping blood specific proteins in fresh fingermarks. Further advancements have been made by mapping biomarkers of human and animal blood in old fingermarks, thus paving the way to examining cold cases.

在许多类型的证据,可能会离开behind at crime scenes, human hair is one of the most common. Hair is readily lost from individuals, left at crime scenes, or transferred between individuals when committing a crime. Forensic hair analysis commonly employs a comparative technique, where the physical and chemical features of hair taken during collection of evidence are compared with known samples. One such method of comparison is using elemental characterization of hair using micro-XRF.

布鲁克's M4 TORNADOmicro-XRF spectrometer has been used to conduct detailed elemental analysis of hair to demonstrate this capability. Using a <20 um X-ray beam, analysis shows that hair compositions may contrast sharply between individuals for elements such as Ca, K, Fe and Cl. The ability to mine data within compositional maps was also able to demonstrate that compositions may even vary along a single strand of hair (e.g., Ca), suggesting bulk chemical methods may not accurately characterize the true compositions from an individual. The example demonstrates the power of Bruker microanalytical tools for forensic science.

Adhesive tapes are common targets of forensic examination in criminal investigations of kidnappings, homicides, and the construction of improvised explosive devices. While some tape characteristics may be discriminated with simple laboratory tools (optical microscope, solvents), more detailed approaches may be required that delve more deeply into tape and adhesive compositions and structure but enable retention the sample for additional tests or evidence storage. On some cases sample volumes are small, making material preservation even more important.

布鲁克's M4 TORNADOMicro-XRF在几分钟内实现了胶带样品的完全无损的空间分辨元素表征。在不需要样品准备的情况下，保留了证据样本完整性。工作流程允许对证据和参考样品的快速比较化学组成分析。软件功能使参考构图库可以构建，以直接比较未知样品并进行正面识别。在大型样品室的情况下，可以一起分析多个样品，为刑事调查提供严格的证据。

通常，最引人注目的证据来自犯罪现场最小的细节。可以将X射线衍射扫描与从相关位置或已知材料数据库收集的样品的扫描相提并论，对痕迹，弹丸和车辆进行痕量粉末。bob综合游戏全球的调查组织已将XRD作为其法医工具包的宝贵工具。

便携式XRF
布鲁克's TITAN and CTX XRF solutions for elemental analysis from Mg to U of solids and liquids in a fully mobile format. Used for rapid for identification of materials, or for fully quantitative compositional analysis.

TXRF
可传输的S2 Picofox和基于实验室的S4 T-StAR总反射XRF光谱仪，用于对液体和固体的元素分析至子PPP检测极限，而无需复杂的实验室基础架构。

FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy
我们为现场和实验室分析提供了精选的紧凑和强大光谱仪，提供了快速可靠的证据化学分析。

FT-IR and Raman microscopy
用于微化学分析的ASD，我们提供了全面的拉曼和红外显微镜组合，它们非常适合分析最小的痕迹以及脆性或敏感的证据

X射线衍射
晶体结构，材料特性以及晶体和无定形粉末，散装材料和薄膜的相分析。bob综合游戏