Criminal Forensics

油漆碎片遗留在vehicular accidents are valuable pieces of trace evidence for positive vehicle identification, especially in cases of hit and run.油漆和清漆的组成和结构使您可以识别出事故中涉及的汽车制造商和模型，从而提供了与嫌疑人的可能联系。

Infrared microscopy is an established technique for multi-layer sample analysis. It allows paint samples to be characterized in detail, determining the thickness and composition of individual layers, making unambiguous characterization possible.

• Paints, Varnishes, Coatings
• Can analyze smallest particles using ATR (>2 µm)
• 非破坏性方法

纤维and particles found at the crime scene can help build a picture of the crime, provide information about the criminal, and even exclude individuals from suspicion. Trace evidence found on an individual or on their property may link a suspect to the crime.

出现（IR）显微镜可以在微米尺度上表征和阳性对细纤维和颗粒的阳性鉴定，即使纤维在表面上相似。可以通过立即搜索综合数据库来轻松确定自然和合成聚合物类型，例如：

• 天然和合成纤维
• 粒子及其大小分布
• chemicals or coatings on fibers

指纹are unique to an individual, making them among the most important pieces of physical evidence used in criminal forensics. Fingerprint evidence may link individuals to a crime or exclude others from consideration. Fingerprints are commonly classified into plastic prints, those left behind as indentations on soft surfaces; visible (patent) prints, formed when a person transfers a material like blood from their fingers to a surface; and invisible (latent) prints, which are left behind as the skins natural oils or sweat are transferred to a surface.

潜在印刷通常是借助粉末或其他化学试剂成像的。但是，一种替代方法利用元素映射的力量来表征指纹的细节，使用其他技术可能看不到。在这种情况下，碰到表面的人留下的汗水包含有不同盐的残留物，这些残留物可以通过非侵入性微XRF光谱法明显可见。使用<20 µm的光束尺寸，布鲁克的M4龙卷风micro-XRF easily maps the distribution of elements in this residue thereby revealing the fine structure of a person's fingerprint. Sensitivity for these analyses can be fine-tuned through selection of appropriate anode compositions. A silver X-ray source is ideal for enhancing sensitivity for chlorine.

Reliable, robust detection of blood is critical to both reconstruct the dynamics of a violent crime and to determine the nature of the crime itself. Particularly on suspicion of a foul play, its detection can dramatically change the course of the investigations.

在过去的几年中，矩阵辅助激光解吸/电离（MALDI）质谱分析和成像（MSP和MSI）已证明是合适的分析工具，是对血迹和血液标记的确认性测试，以及确定血液的作用。MALDI MSP验证了现场部署的当前施用的推定（以及因此）测试的结果，MALDI MSI通过在新鲜的指示中绘制血液特异性蛋白质在手指群中的血液化产生。通过绘制旧手指的人类和动物血的生物标志物的生物标志物，从而为检查冷病例铺平了道路，从而取得了进一步的进步。

在犯罪现场可能留下的许多类型的证据中，人的头发是最常见的。头发很容易从个人身上丢失，在犯罪现场遗留或在犯罪时在个人之间转移。法医分析通常采用比较技术，其中比较证据收集期间的头发的物理和化学特征与已知样品进行比较。一种这种比较方法是使用Micro-XRF对头发的元素表征。

布鲁克的M4龙卷风Micro-XRF光谱仪已用于对头发进行详细的元素分析，以证明这种能力。使用<20 UM X射线束，分析表明，在CA，K，Fe和Cl等元素的个体之间，头发组成可能会急剧对比。在组成图中挖掘数据的能力还能够证明，成分甚至可能沿着一条头发（例如CA）变化，这表明散装化学方法可能无法准确地表征来自个体的真实成分。该示例证明了Bruker微分析工具用于法医学的力量。

胶带是法医检查的常见目标，这些目标是对绑架，凶杀案和简易爆炸装置的建设进行刑事调查。虽然某些磁带特性可能会被简单的实验室工具（光学显微镜，溶剂）区分，但可能需要更详细的方法，以更深入地研究磁带和粘合剂组成和结构，但可以保留样品以进行其他测试或证据存储。在某些情况下，样品量很小，使材料保存更加重要。

布鲁克的M4龙卷风micro-XRF enables fully non-destructive spatially resolved elemental characterization of tape samples in minutes. With no sample preparation required, evidence sample integrity is retained. Workflows allow rapid comparative chemical composition analysis of evidence and reference samples. Software features enable reference compositional libraries to be built against which unknown samples may be directly compared and positively identified. With a large sample chamber, multiple samples may be analyzed together, providing rigorous evidence for criminal investigations.

Often times the most compelling evidence comes from the smallest details at a crime scene. X-ray Diffraction scans of trace powders from footprints, projectiles and vehicles can be compared to scans from samples collected at related locations or against known materials databases. Investigative organizations across the globe have turned to XRD as a valuable tool in their forensic toolkit.

Portable XRF
Bruker的泰坦和CTX XRF解决方案，用于以完全移动格式的固体和液体的Mg到U的元素分析。用于快速识别材料，或用于完全定量的组成分析。bob综合游戏

TXRF
The field transportable S2 PICOFOX and lab-based S4 T-STAR total reflection XRF spectrometers for elemental analysis of liquids and solids down to sub-ppb detection limits without the need for complex lab infrastructure.

FT-IR和拉曼光谱法
We offer a selection of compact and powerful spectrometers for on-site and laboratory analysis, providing fast and reliable chemical analysis of evidence.

FT-IR和拉曼显微镜
asd For micro chemical analysis we offer a comprehensive portfolio of Raman and Infrared microscopes that are perfectly suited to analyze smallest traces as well as brittle or sensitive evidence

X-ray Diffraction
Crystallographic structure, material properties and phase analysis of crystalline and amorphous powders, bulk materials and thin films.