从大麻废物中提取高价值产品

从大麻废物中提取高价值产品

大麻（大麻sativa）是为其纤维（Bast纤维）及其可食用种子以及一些药物产品而种植的[1]。当冰纤维与大麻茎分离时，剩下的就是大麻刺。这些木质残留物是大麻茎中最不值得的一部分，被视为纤维生产的副产品，即使它们代表了大麻植物的最大分数。大麻赫德可以用于一系列应用，例如动物床上用品，建筑材料和花园覆盖物[2]，但通常仍被视为废物。bob综合游戏

Slow Pyrolysis
However, thermochemical processing of hemp hurds can produce some high-value products. One particular thermochemical process called slow pyrolysis can be used to convert hemp hurds into biochar, liquids (distillates), and gases [3]. These are produced in approximately equal amounts, although the process conditions can be adjusted to maximize the yield of a particular fraction.

Slow pyrolysis is usually used to convert biomass into biochar, a type of carbon-rich charcoal that is used as a soil improver or to store carbon. Liquid distillates are also produced, but they are considered a by-product and are often burned or dumped. However, these liquid distillates contain bioactive compounds and could be collected to generate additional income.

在这项研究中，将四种类型的工业大麻赫德热加工并通过在不同温bob娱乐平台度下缓慢的热解转化为液体蒸馏[5]。该小组研究了蒸馏液的化学成分，以鉴定可能的有价值的分子或分子基团。他们认为这是第一次以这种方式研究大型样品（千克）。先前的研究集中在实验室规模的小样本（克）[4]上。

作者在相对较低的工艺温度下使用慢速热解处理了HURD，从室温到最高工作温度为350°C。他们在缓慢的热解过程的三个阶段（干燥，圆润和热解）收集了原始蒸馏。

样品的详细分析
采用了各种分析技术来研究样品。其中包括傅立叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱，一维（1D）和二维（2D）核磁共振（NMR）光谱，液相色谱 - 高分辨率质谱（LC – HRMS）和二维气体气体。色谱 - 质谱法（2D GC-MS）。例如，使用FTIR光谱来获取有关所有大麻hurd馏分级分的功能组的信息。所有光谱均使用Bruker的Alpha FTIR光谱仪测量，该光谱仪配备了衰减的总反射钻石，敏感的2×2 mm钻石晶体表面和样品舱RT-DLATGS。

该团队首次确定并测量了一些潜在的有价值的分子。分析表明，不同蒸馏液中化合物的浓度差异很大。相关化合物来自三种不同的大麻hurd样品，尤其是来自Torrefaction和热解相，可蒸馏出低于100 c的C。

Acetic acid was the main component of all samples. Other interesting compounds included guaiacol and syringol derivatives such as 2,6- Dimethoxyphenol, guaiacol (2-Methoxyphenol), vanillin, and eugenol.
Most of these compounds are expensive to make because they appear in low concentrations in distillates, which means they must be separated and purified (although several modern scalable techniques are available). Such compounds could be used as purified products for nutritional, pharmaceutical, and agricultural purposes. Vanillin and eugenol, for example, are used as ingredients by the functional food and pharmaceutical sectors.
The authors estimate that one ton of hurds (€200 at current prices) would produce about 300 kg biochar (worth around €400 at current prices). It would also produce about 40 kg of acetic acid, the main compound in the distillates, worth around €100 as a bulk product. One ton of hurds would generate around 1.3 kg of 1-hydroxybutan-2-one, the most expensive of the minor distillate compounds. In principle, this could be purified to higher than 95% purity and sold for €1300–6500. 1-hydroxybutan-2-one is often used as a flavor or fragrance agent.

Conclusion
这项研究提供了有用的基线数据，用于木材馏分的化学分析，尤其是大麻赫德馏出物。它还通过利用缓慢的热解产生了含有潜在有用成分的生物炭和蒸馏物，从而显示出从大麻赫德产生高价值产品的明显潜力。可以优化整个过程以生成最有价值的产品，例如温度，加热率和住宿时间等不同因素。馏出物的进一步加工将涉及分离和纯化程序，例如短路蒸馏和离心分区色谱。研究人员建议进一步的研究以详细评估经济潜力，例如，考虑净化过程成本以及高价值化学品的市场价值和数量以及一般的业务潜力。
布鲁克offers the broadest range of analytical techniques used in the emerging global Cannabis Industry already today. The portfolio includes benchtop and floor-standing NMR, optical methods like FTIR and Raman spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. This makes Bruker the only end-to-end solution provider with applications tagging into every stage of the Cannabis value chain. We enable our customers to generate new revenue streams and reduce waste.

布鲁克does not support, encourage, or intend that its products or services be used in connection with any illegal use, cultivation or trade of cannabis or cannabis products. Bruker products are intended to be used only in compliance with all applicable laws in a manner that promotes public safety and in connection with any lawful and approved scientific or medical research activities.

参考
[1] Cherney, J.H. et al, (2016). Industrial Hemp in North America: Production, Politics and Potential. Agronomy.
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/6/4/58
[2] Carus，M。和Sarmento，L。，（2016年）欧洲大麻行业：纤维，湿婆，种子和花朵的种植，加工和应用。EIHA。
https://eiha.org/media/2016/05/16-05-17-European-Hemp-Industry-2013.pdf
[3] Amini, E. et al, (2019) Characterization of pyrolysis products from slow pyrolysis of live and dead vegetation native to the southern United States. Fuel.
https://www.sciendirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/s0016236118314832
[4] Branca, C. et al, (2017) Experimental analysis about the exploitation of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) in pyrolysis. Fuel Processing Technology.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382016310372
[5] Salami, A. et al, (2020) Complementary chemical characterization of distillates obtained from industrial hemp hurds by thermal processing. Industrial Crops and Products.
https://www.sciendirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/s09266669020306774?via%3dihub